Time-Dependent Effect of Graphene on the Microbial Activity of the Soil Under Single and Repeated Exposures

Graphene (GR) has huge industrial and biomedical potential, its adverse effect on soil microorganisms been evaluated in ecotoxicological studies. These studies focused single exposure to GR, but repeated exposures with low concentration are more likely occur under actual scenario. In this study, we compared the impact of GR structure, abundance function bacterial community based enzyme activity high-throughput sequencing. The results displayed that after 4 days incubation activities urease fluorescein diacetate esterase increased by approximately 12% 4% upon (biweekly 15 mg doses for two-exposure experiment, 10 three-exposure resulting same final 300 mg/kg), respectively. Instead, decreased 13% 6% (30 single-exposure experiment), As time 60 days, these showed little difference. alpha diversity than exposure, demonstrating a chronic increase within specific community. PCoA sample level clustering tree alter some extent. During entire process, no matter what kind scenarios majority phylotypes at phylum had great change except Proteobacteria Actinobacteria according relative phylotypes. elucidated metabolic microbial as exposure. This study can provide new perspective carbon nanomaterials